On October 16, 2013, Francis Ford Coppola, one of the most influential movie directors, producers and screenwriters of all time, was awarded the Praemium Imperiale in Tokyo, Japan. The Praemium Imperiale is an annual global arts prize awarded by the Japan Art Association in recognition of a lifetime achievement in the arts, in categories not covered by the Nobel Prizes. This award, which Mr. Coppola received from Prince Hitachi of Japanโs Imperial Family, is the most recent of many accolades for the filmmaker. He and his films have received six Academy Awards and the Coppola family is one of two families in history to have three generations of Academy Award recipients. Four of his films (โThe Godfather,โ โThe Godfather Part II,โ โApocalypse Nowโ and โPattonโ) were included by the Writers Guild of Americaโs list of โ101 Greatest Screenplays Ever.โ He has been honored with the Directors Guild of Americaโs Lifetime Achievement Award, and he is one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme dโOr awards at the Cannes Film Festival. Prior to leaving for Japan, Tokyo Journalโs Executive Editor Anthony Al-Jamie interviewed Mr. Coppola regarding his love for film and his affinity for Japan.
TJ: I understand you will be receiving the Praemium Imperiale from Prince Hitachi of
the Imperial Family. Can you tell us about the award?
COPPOLA: It was an award I hadnโt known of, but itโs an award that was given in honor of the arts in fields that the Nobel Prize does not cover such as film, theater, literature, architecture, and sculpture.
TJ: Tell me about your background in Japan. When was your f irst visit to Japan?
COPPOLA: Itโs hard for me to really pin down my first visit to Japan. Iโve been there a dozen times. I did visit Japan many times during the period in which I was making โApocalypse Now.โ While we were filming in the Philippines, we would often stop in Japan as my family loved going there, and over the years I went many, many times. My little children travelled with me at the time and they also love Japanese culture. That was the basis of Sofiaโs fondness for Japan and her experience there.
TJ: What is your favorite part of Japan?
COPPOLA: In terms of a place, there are certainly Tokyo and Kyoto. But I think my favorite part of Japan is its unique and beautiful culture where they are able to combine the mundane steps of life with beauty, and each area of life has been understood as a kind of expression of grace, harmony and beauty. The culture is so unique in that everything that is done there has been a tradition of doing it with exquisite beauty. It is that very unique aspect of Japan that is so admirable. Whether itโs a piece of fabric, poem or food, there exists some sort of perfection in every area.
ใใฉใณใทในใปใใฉใผใใใปใณใใใใฉ
2013 ๅนด 10 ๆ 16 ๆฅใๆฑไบฌใฆใใ้ซๆพๅฎฎๆฎฟไธ่จๅฟตไธ็ๆๅ่ณใฎๆ่ณๅผใใ่กใใใใๆผๅใปๆ ็ป้จ้ใฆใใฏใๆ ็ป็ฃ็ฃใ ใใ ใญ ใใใฅใผ ใต ใผ ใ ่ ๆฌ ๅฎถ ใจใใฆ ๆญด ๅฒ ไธ ๆ ใ ๅฝฑ ้ฟ ๅ ใ ๆ ใค ๅทจ ๅ ใฎ1ไบบใฆใ ใ ใใ ใฉใณ ใท ในใปใใฉ ใผใใใปใณใ ใใ ใฉ ๆฐ ใใ ๅ ่ณ ใ ๆฅ ๆฌ ็พ ่ก ๅ ไผ ใใ ๅต ่จญ ใ ใ ๅ ่ณ ใฏ ใ ๅช ใ ใ ่ธ ่ก ๅฎถ ใ ้ก ๅฝฐ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใซ ๅนด 1ๅ ๆ ไธ ใ ใ ใใ ใฎ ใฆใ ใ ใ ใผ ใใ ใซ ่ณ ใใ ๅฏพ ่ฑก ใจใ ใช ใ้ ๅใใซใใใผใใฆใใใๅธธ้ธๅฎฎๆฎฟไธใใๆไธใใใใใฎ่ณใใใใณใใใใฉๆฐใฎๅ่ณๆญดใซๆฐใใซๅ ใใฃใใๆฐใฏใใใพ ใฆใใซ6ใคใฎใขใซใใใใผ่ณใๅ่ณใใฆใใใ3ไธไปฃใซใใใฃใฆใขใซใใใใผ่ณใๅ่ณใใใฎใฏใณใใใใฉไธๆใๅซใ2ไพใใใใ ๆฐใฎไฝๅใใณใใใใใใกใผใตใใผใใใณใใใใใใกใผใตใใผPart IIใใๅฐ็ใฎ้ป็คบ้ฒใใใใใใใณๅคงๆฆ่ป่ปๅฃใใฏใๅ จ็ฑณ่ๆฌๅฎถ ๅไผใใ้ธใตใๆ ็ป่ๆฌใใในใ101 ใซใฉใณใฏใคใณใใพใๅ จ็ฑณ็ฃ็ฃๅไผใฎใฉใคใใฟใคใ ใปใขใใผใใใกใณใใปใขใฏใผใใใใซใณใ ๅฝ้ๆ ็ป็ฅญใใใซใ ใปใใใผใซใๅ่ณใใฆใใใใใใซใ ใปใใใผใซใฎๆ ่ชใ2ๅๆใซใใใฎใฏใณใใใใฉๆฐใๅซใ8ไบบใใใใๆฑ ไบฌใทใใฃใผใใซใฎใจใฏใใปใใฏใใฃใใใปใจใใใฃใฟใผ ใขใณใใใผใปใขใซใทใใงใคใใผใใใๆฅๆฌใซ็บใคๅใฎใณใใใใฉๆฐใซใๆ ็ปใซๅฏพ ใใๆ ็ฑใจๆฅๆฌใจใฎ็ธใซใคใใฆ่ใใใ
ใคใณใฟใใใฅใผ:ใขใณใใใผใปใขใซใทใใงใคใใผ
TJ: ้ซๆพๅฎฎๆฎฟไธ่จๅฟตไธ็ๆๅ่ณใๅ่ณใใใๅธธ ้ธๅฎฎๆฎฟไธใใ้กๅฝฐใกใฟใใซใๆไธใใใใใใฆใใ ใญใ
ใณใใใใฉ:ๅใฏ็ฅใใชใใฃใใใใใใผใใใซ่ณใใ ใซใใใผใใฆใใชใๆ ๅใๆผๅใๅปบ็ฏใๅฝซๅปใชใจใ ใฎๅ้ใฎ่ธ่กๅฎถใๅฏพ่ฑกใจใใ้กๅฝฐๅถๅบฆใใใใ ใใใ
TJ: ๆฅๆฌใจใฎ้ขใใใซใคใใฆๆใใฆใใใใใใ ๆๅใซๆฅๆฌใ่จชใใใฎใฏใใคใฆใใใ?
ใณใ ใใใฉ:ๆๅใซ่กใฃใใฎใใใใคใใใฃใใใฏ ๅใใใชใใใใๆฅๆฌใซใฏใใๆฐใๅใใชใใป ใจใ่กใฃใฆใใใใใๅฐ็ใฎ้ป็คบ้ฒใใฎ่ฃฝไฝไธญใใ ๆฎๅฝฑๅ ดๆใฏใใฃใชใใใณใใใฃใใใใ้ไธญใฆใใใๆฅ ๆฌใซ็ซใกๅฏใฃใใใใใๅฎถๆใใ่กใใใใใฃใใใ ใญใๅญไพใใๅฐใใ้ ใฏไธ็ทใซๆ
่กใใใใใๅญ ไพใใกใๆฅๆฌใฎๆๅใใๅคงๅฅฝใใใใใฝใใฃใขใใ่ฆช ๆฅๅฎถใชใฎใฏใๅฐใใ้ ใฎ็ต้จใใใใใใใญใ
TJ: ๆฅๆฌใฎไฝใใไธ็ชใๅฅฝใใฆใใใ?
ใณใ ใใใฉ:ๅ ดๆใฆใ่จใใฏใๆฑไบฌใจไบฌ้ฝใใใใใไฝใจ ใใฃใฆใใๅนณๅกใชๆฅๅธธใจ็พใ่ๅใฆใใใ็ฌ็นใฎ ็พใใๆๅใซ้ญ
ๅใๆใใใใญใ็ๆดปใใฎใใฎใซใ ๆฐๅใ่ชฟๅใ็พใใๆใใใใใๆๅใชใใใใๆฅๆฌ ใฎๆๅใฏๅ
จใฆใซใใใฆๅๆง็ใฆใใ้ๅธธใซ็พใใ ไผ็ตฑๆงๅผใใใใใใใใฏๆฅๆฌใฎ็นๅพดใฆใใใใ่ณ ่ณใใใใธใใ็นใใใ็น็ถญใฆใใใ่ฉฉใฆใใใ้ฃใธใ็ฉ ใฆใใใใใใใใ้ ๅใซโๅฎ็งโใใๅญๅจใใ
On October 16, 2013, Francis Ford Coppola, one of the most influential movie directors, producers and screenwriters of all time, was awarded the Praemium Imperiale in Tokyo, Japan. The Praemium Imperiale is an annual global arts prize awarded by the Japan Art Association in recognition of a lifetime achievement in the arts, in categories not covered by the Nobel Prizes. This award, which Mr. Coppola received from Prince Hitachi of Japanโs Imperial Family, is the most recent of many accolades for the filmmaker. He and his films have received six Academy Awards and the Coppola family is one of two families in history to have three generations of Academy Award recipients. Four of his films (โThe Godfather,โ โThe Godfather Part II,โ โApocalypse Nowโ and โPattonโ) were included by the Writers Guild of Americaโs list of โ101 Greatest Screenplays Ever.โ He has been honored with the Directors Guild of Americaโs Lifetime Achievement Award, and he is one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme dโOr awards at the Cannes Film Festival. Prior to leaving for Japan, Tokyo Journalโs Executive Editor Anthony Al-Jamie interviewed Mr. Coppola regarding his love for film and his affinity for Japan.
TJ: I understand you will be receiving the Praemium Imperiale from Prince Hitachi of
the Imperial Family. Can you tell us about the award?
COPPOLA: It was an award I hadnโt known of, but itโs an award that was given in honor of the arts in fields that the Nobel Prize does not cover such as film, theater, literature, architecture, and sculpture.
TJ: Tell me about your background in Japan. When was your f irst visit to Japan?
COPPOLA: Itโs hard for me to really pin down my first visit to Japan. Iโve been there a dozen times. I did visit Japan many times during the period in which I was making โApocalypse Now.โ While we were filming in the Philippines, we would often stop in Japan as my family loved going there, and over the years I went many, many times. My little children travelled with me at the time and they also love Japanese culture. That was the basis of Sofiaโs fondness for Japan and her experience there.
TJ: What is your favorite part of Japan?
COPPOLA: In terms of a place, there are certainly Tokyo and Kyoto. But I think my favorite part of Japan is its unique and beautiful culture where they are able to combine the mundane steps of life with beauty, and each area of life has been understood as a kind of expression of grace, harmony and beauty. The culture is so unique in that everything that is done there has been a tradition of doing it with exquisite beauty. It is that very unique aspect of Japan that is so admirable. Whether itโs a piece of fabric, poem or food, there exists some sort of perfection in every area.
TJ: In an interview with the f ilm subtitler Natsuko Toda, we asked her about her work on Apocalypse Now. She mentioned you made several trips to Japan during the f ilming of that movie and she enjoyed showing you around Tokyo.
COPPOLA: Yes! Yes! Sheโs a wonderful lady! I was immediately comfortable with her. I got the feeling she understood exactly what I was saying and I felt assurance that she was putting it in the Japanese language in a way that really conveyed my intention. Also, I became a friend. My family and I liked her very much. That has been our association over the years. However, she doesnโt get any older looking, I must say!
TJ: She also mentioned that you enjoyed visiting Akihabara.
COPPOLA: Yes, certainly. In those days, I had a good friendship with Mr. Morita, Dr. Ibuka and many of the executives from Sony during that period. I shared new ideas with them and Akihabara was certainly the place to go then to see the newest things. I used to take my boys and weโd go to various stores to see what was coming out.
TJ: Tell me about Akio Morita.
COPPOLA: He was a fabulous gentleman. As you know, he was very urbane and very comfortable in America. He was a super bright man and he was in a position in those days to share ideas. I shared my ideas with them on the way I thought things were going and very often they acted upon them, so it was a very nice association.
TJ: Did you know that prior to Sony, the Morita family had brewed sake for hundreds of years?
COPPOLA: His family, yes. But after the war Mr. Morita and Mr. Ibuka started the Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Company and they decided that was too many letters and too expensive to put on their devices, so they changed it to SONY because it was only four letters!
TJ: How about your association with Akira Kurosawa? How did you f irst meet him?
COPPOLA: I first met him when George Lucas and myself became involved in helping him produce his film [โKagemushaโ] after many years of him not making a film. Everyone here is an enormous admirer of Kurosawa from our youth. In fact I remember sitting with my schoolmates writing a letter to the Nobel Committee suggesting that he be given the Nobel Prize for Literature and they wrote a letter back saying that such things could not be nominated. I feel Kurosawaโs work is unique in that certain great masters have made a few masterpieces and in Kurosawaโs case, he made about 10! So, he is almost without comparison. Personally, he was a very quiet man. Very often when you meet these people, these giants, their personalities are very different from what you might suppose. He was obviously very disciplined in his work and I got to watch him in Sapporo or wherever we were when we were making that film. Of course he went through that transition where he changed the casting of the part which happened right around the time we were visiting so it was interesting. Tatsuya Nakadai did a great job but the previous actor Shintaro Katsu was sort of born to play that part because he was a sort of charlatan. It was a great honor to know Akira Kurosawa. I canโt say I knew him well but as an admirer I was pleased to have been of help to him.
TJ: Do you have a favorite Kurosawa movie?
COPPOLA: As I said, he has a dozen masterpieces but I have a special affinity for โThe Bad Sleep Well.โ His films are beautiful and monumental.
TJ: You collaborated with Kurosawa on โKagemusha.โ Did you collaborate on anything else?
COPPOLA: I would hardly say we collaborated. Both George Lucas and I tried to use our then โbit of cloutโ as we call it to try to encourage the film to be made and we were successful in doing that. We were not collaborators. We were just supporters.
TJ: Did Kurosawa have an influence on your work?
COPPOLA: Well, I think Kurosawa had an influence on the work of every filmmaker of my generation – just to have something that is a pinnacle to work towards, to try and have films of that level of beauty and excitement with fascinating characters in contemporary situations or in universal situations. His influence was one of excellence.
TJ: Would you ever consider remaking a Kurosawa movie?
COPPOLA: I would never remake any movie. I believe remaking movies is ludicrous. It is so difficult to get resources to make films and to waste them on repeating a film is just that: a waste. I think films should always be new and original, break new ground and never use the mercantile advantage of trying to latch onto a film that has already been made.
TJ: Did you have fun making the Suntory commercial you made with Kurosawa?
COPPOLA: Well, at the time his associate Nogami san was helping him. He needed money and they told me that Suntory had arranged a very nice yearly request to do these and if I would do it with him it would be helpful. I donโt think I got paid for it but that was not the point. The point was just to meet him. These were people we looked up to and we never thought we would meet in life, and so when I had the opportunity to meet some of these great people, it was a great pleasure.
TJ: Did you work with Ms. Nogami then?
COPPOLA: She was the account executive of Suntory and she was trying to subsidize him.
TJ: Teruyo Nogami, his associate director?
COPPOLA: Yes. She knew better than anyone how he worked because she was like his script supervisor and his associate writer on the set.
TJ: Do you have any Japanese f ilm directors that influenced you?
COPPOLA: Aside from Kurosawa, there is Ozu, whose films were beautiful, and Oshima. Mizoguchi made films in the 30s that were so beautiful. There are three filmmakers that stand out: Ozu, Mizoguchi and certainly Mr. Kurosawa.
TJ: Do you have a favorite movie?
COPPOLA: No, I think in the field of cinema, which came only a hundred years ago, there are so many masterpieces that you couldnโt count on both hands, so it is really impossible to name just one. Mr. Kurosawa has several on the list.
TJ: What are the biggest influences on your career?
COPPOLA: Well, on the standpoint of acting in cinema, I would have to say Elia Kazan, who for me had the most beautiful performances in films. When talking about Americans, I think William Wyler was just a natural. He happened to be the nephew of a movie executive but he just had an inner instinct and sense for how to make fabulous films. Frank Capra made beautiful films. When we saw the first films from foreign directors, of course the Italians: Rossellini and Fellini. There was the whole new wave. I love the Polish film director Wajda, Orson Welles, Kubrick. Cinema came about because of the evolution of technology. It was impossible to make cinema before the 19th century, but when it happened it was almost as if artists were waiting for it so there was an abundance of great films that happened all at once in a very short period.
TJ: Are there actors you want to work with in the future?
COPPOLA: I donโt think that way. I think of characters and then I think of which actors might be able to interpret them. But I donโt say, โIโd love to work with so-and-so.โ
TJ: How was working with Michael Jackson on โCaptain EOโ?
COPPOLA: My memory of Michael Jackson was that he was genuinely sweet and kind of a boy in perpetual childhood. I have only fond, kind memories of him. He was a very sweet person.
TJ: Was he easy to work with?
COPPOLA: Yes and no. He was very easy to work with. Despite his youthful manner, he was a very intelligent person and in terms of his music he was very sure how he wanted to do things. So in that area he was not as easy and as malleable as he was in acting and Living Legends Francis Ford Coppola and Prince Hitachi at Praemium Imperiale Awards ceremony on October 16, 2013 at Meiji Kinenkan ยฉ The Japan Art Association/ The Sankei Shimbun other areas.
TJ: You come from a whole family of people in the industry. I read there were around 12 people in total.
COPPOLA: You could look back and say Iโm the 3rd generation, my children are the 4th generation and my granddaughter who just made a film is the 5th generation of people working one way or another in cinema.
TJ: How are you the 3rd generation?
COPPOLA: Well, my grandfather (my fatherโs father) is the man who engineered the Vitaphone which brought sound to movies, and then on the other side, my motherโs father owned a cinema and an import company bringing Italian films to the United States for immigrants who settled here. That was the first generation. The second generation was my father and my uncle who were great musicians and conductors of opera. My father is an Academy Award-winning composer. Then Iโm the 3rd generation, so my children Sofia and Roman are the 4th generation and my granddaughter Gia, who just made a film that was very well received, is the 5th generation.
TJ: Who of all the generations went to f ilm school? I understand that you were the f irst to go to f ilm school?
COPPOLA: Right. There werenโt film schools during my fatherโs generation. He went to Juilliard and Columbia for music school.
TJ: And you went to f ilm school at UCLA?
COPPOLA: Right. My son Roman went to NYU and my granddaughter went to Bard to study still photography.
TJ: What do you think are the weaknesses of f ilm schools?
COPPOLA: Well, film schools are young. They popped up after the 2nd World War and one of the challenges was, who would be the faculty because if they are people who actively make films, they can do little more than lecture once in a while. So to really attract exciting faculty to film schools is difficult. There is a Polish film school that was fortunate in having a very enlightened head of that department and occasionally that happens. UCLA when it was formed had a wonderful man. Finding faculty [members] who are not just filmmakers but are really great teachers is always difficult. Film schools traditionally attract two kinds of student bodies. One are those who want to find fame and success in the commercial world of film and others who want to go in a direction that is more personal and theoretical by making art films. The first question I ask someone who wants to be a film director is, โDo you want to be Steven Spielberg or do you want to be Jim Jarmusch? What is your motive? Do you want to make money?โ Steven Spielberg is unique in that he can make really beautiful personal films and make films that a giant audience can go to, but that is a really rare talent to be able to do both. Otherwise you have to choose if you want to make personal films or are you going to try to be a commercial film director. Thatโs a decision that needs to be made. The problem with filmmakers is depending on the kind of filmmaker they are, they have more than enough on their plate trying to make a new film that breaks some ground. There is a certain kind of filmmaker that works in the film industry and then gets older and is no longer being offered opportunities to make films. I myself had a wonderful teacher at UCLA, a woman by the name of Dorothy Arzner who is one of the only women directors, and that was my good fortune. The difficulty with film programs is they tend to veer too much in the direction for young people to go and get a job, and that is like a school of painters where they are going to suddenly emerge as a world-class artist. Itโs one of the difficulties with film schools today. The greatest film school in the world was Roberto Rossellini who brought around him screenwriters and associates, the whole Italian cinema which blossomed after him.
TJ: Are you doing what you really love right now?
COPPOLA: Iโm very fortunate in that Iโm not running around trying to make money and I can just pursue what I most love. So yes, Iโm very fortunate.
TJ: Is the winery taking a lot of your time?
COPPOLA: Thatโs my day job.
TJ: Do you love the winery?
COPPOLA: Well, thatโs what supports the family. The wine is certainly something you can love but my great love is the cinema and the cinema of the immediate past and the cinema of the immediate and long-term future that I think is just going to evolve in the most interesting of ways.
TJ: Do you like the fact that people can sit back and relax with a glass of your wine while watching one of your movies?
COPPOLA: Iโve never thought of it. Everyone eats and drinks so itโs logical but it never occurred to me that someone would see my film and drink my wine.
TJ: Are you in the food business as well?
COPPOLA: Yeah, in a more limited way.
TJ: And do you have a love for that?
COPPOLA: Well, I have a love for life so I have a love for cinema, a love for food, for wine, for children, for happiness, for music. I do believe in the sum total that people should be happy.
TJ: I understand you have properties in Belize and Guatemala.
COPPOLA: I have some hotels and resorts too, yes. All of the businesses I am in are businesses that bring pleasure and happiness to people.
TJ: Let me shift to a different topic. What is the situation with โMegalopolisโ?
COPPOLA: Well, that was a project set in New York that dealt basically with the theme of utopia and right in the middle of preparation of it there was the tragedy of the Trade Towers in 2001 and it became very difficult to set a story about utopia in New York in the aftermath of that. I didnโt know how to do it, so I abandoned it. Whether forever or not, I donโt know. It depends on how long I live.
TJ: Tokyo was selected as the host for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Do you think it will be a good host city?
COPPOLA: I think Tokyo is a fantastic city and I would think itโs a joy for anyone to go visit.
TJ: Do you have a favorite hotel in Tokyo?
COPPOLA: Well, Iโve stayed at the Park Hyatt where Sofia made โLost in Translation,โ and several other smaller hotels near the Roppongi area, but I donโt remember the names.
TJ: Do you have a favorite Japanese food?
COPPOLA: I love Japanese food. Actually an amusing story was when I was only about 15 or 16, I guess. I was a freshman in college and I was living in a house with a bunch of Korean War veterans who were going to school on the G.I. Bill. They were more like 25 and they were going to have a big party and invite all the girls to the party and what have you. They said they would teach me how to make sukiyaki and if I just kept it going all throughout the party, I could go to the party. So they taught me how to make something I had never had. I learned that at the age of 16 and at different times in my life I was able to prepare it.
TJ: Do you drink sake?
COPPOLA: Oh, yes. Of course.
TJ: Do you have something you want to do when you arrive in Tokyo?
COPPOLA: Well, probably Iโm going to enjoy eating there.
TJ: Any sightseeing?
COPPOLA: Iโm not much of a sightseer, but yes.
TJ: What advice do you have for young f ilmmakers just entering the f ilm industry?
COPPOLA: Well, my typical advice is they should get married. It was very helpful for me to get married young. There are logical reasons why that would be helpful but young people today are so in love with the cinema that all you can do is to encourage them to follow their heart. Cinema is in a time of great transition right now in all aspects of it. Cinema was born of a mechanical and chemical process but it was destined to be in the electronic process so now that it has actually moved in that direction and it is an electronic and digital process, that opens whole new horizons as to areas that you can experiment in and that is what is happening now, so it is a very exciting time to be young and to be in love with cinema. tj
ใใฉใณใทในใปใใฉใผใใใปใณใใใใฉ
2013 ๅนด 10 ๆ 16 ๆฅใๆฑไบฌใฆใใ้ซๆพๅฎฎๆฎฟไธ่จๅฟตไธ็ๆๅ่ณใฎๆ่ณๅผใใ่กใใใใๆผๅใปๆ ็ป้จ้ใฆใใฏใๆ ็ป็ฃ็ฃใ ใใ ใญ ใใใฅใผ ใต ใผ ใ ่ ๆฌ ๅฎถ ใจใใฆ ๆญด ๅฒ ไธ ๆ ใ ๅฝฑ ้ฟ ๅ ใ ๆ ใค ๅทจ ๅ ใฎ1ไบบใฆใ ใ ใใ ใฉใณ ใท ในใปใใฉ ใผใใใปใณใ ใใ ใฉ ๆฐ ใใ ๅ ่ณ ใ ๆฅ ๆฌ ็พ ่ก ๅ ไผ ใใ ๅต ่จญ ใ ใ ๅ ่ณ ใฏ ใ ๅช ใ ใ ่ธ ่ก ๅฎถ ใ ้ก ๅฝฐ ใ ใ ใ ใ ใซ ๅนด 1ๅ ๆ ไธ ใ ใ ใใ ใฎ ใฆใ ใ ใ ใผ ใใ ใซ ่ณ ใใ ๅฏพ ่ฑก ใจใ ใช ใ้ ๅใใซใใใผใใฆใใใๅธธ้ธๅฎฎๆฎฟไธใใๆไธใใใใใฎ่ณใใใใณใใใใฉๆฐใฎๅ่ณๆญดใซๆฐใใซๅ ใใฃใใๆฐใฏใใใพ ใฆใใซ6ใคใฎใขใซใใใใผ่ณใๅ่ณใใฆใใใ3ไธไปฃใซใใใฃใฆใขใซใใใใผ่ณใๅ่ณใใใฎใฏใณใใใใฉไธๆใๅซใ2ไพใใใใ ๆฐใฎไฝๅใใณใใใใใใกใผใตใใผใใใณใใใใใใกใผใตใใผPart IIใใๅฐ็ใฎ้ป็คบ้ฒใใใใใใใณๅคงๆฆ่ป่ปๅฃใใฏใๅ จ็ฑณ่ๆฌๅฎถ ๅไผใใ้ธใตใๆ ็ป่ๆฌใใในใ101 ใซใฉใณใฏใคใณใใพใๅ จ็ฑณ็ฃ็ฃๅไผใฎใฉใคใใฟใคใ ใปใขใใผใใใกใณใใปใขใฏใผใใใใซใณใ ๅฝ้ๆ ็ป็ฅญใใใซใ ใปใใใผใซใๅ่ณใใฆใใใใใใซใ ใปใใใผใซใฎๆ ่ชใ2ๅๆใซใใใฎใฏใณใใใใฉๆฐใๅซใ8ไบบใใใใๆฑ ไบฌใทใใฃใผใใซใฎใจใฏใใปใใฏใใฃใใใปใจใใใฃใฟใผ ใขใณใใใผใปใขใซใทใใงใคใใผใใใๆฅๆฌใซ็บใคๅใฎใณใใใใฉๆฐใซใๆ ็ปใซๅฏพ ใใๆ ็ฑใจๆฅๆฌใจใฎ็ธใซใคใใฆ่ใใใ
ใคใณใฟใใใฅใผ:ใขใณใใใผใปใขใซใทใใงใคใใผ
TJ: ้ซๆพๅฎฎๆฎฟไธ่จๅฟตไธ็ๆๅ่ณใๅ่ณใใใๅธธ ้ธๅฎฎๆฎฟไธใใ้กๅฝฐใกใฟใใซใๆไธใใใใใใฆใใ ใญใ
ใณใใใใฉ:ๅใฏ็ฅใใชใใฃใใใใใใผใใใซ่ณใใ ใซใใใผใใฆใใชใๆ ๅใๆผๅใๅปบ็ฏใๅฝซๅปใชใจใ ใฎๅ้ใฎ่ธ่กๅฎถใๅฏพ่ฑกใจใใ้กๅฝฐๅถๅบฆใใใใ ใใใ
TJ: ๆฅๆฌใจใฎ้ขใใใซใคใใฆๆใใฆใใใใใใ ๆๅใซๆฅๆฌใ่จชใใใฎใฏใใคใฆใใใ?
ใณใ ใใใฉ:ๆๅใซ่กใฃใใฎใใใใคใใใฃใใใฏ ๅใใใชใใใใๆฅๆฌใซใฏใใๆฐใๅใใชใใป ใจใ่กใฃใฆใใใใใๅฐ็ใฎ้ป็คบ้ฒใใฎ่ฃฝไฝไธญใใ ๆฎๅฝฑๅ ดๆใฏใใฃใชใใใณใใใฃใใใใ้ไธญใฆใใใๆฅ ๆฌใซ็ซใกๅฏใฃใใใใใๅฎถๆใใ่กใใใใใฃใใใ ใญใๅญไพใใๅฐใใ้ ใฏไธ็ทใซๆ
่กใใใใใๅญ ไพใใกใๆฅๆฌใฎๆๅใใๅคงๅฅฝใใใใใฝใใฃใขใใ่ฆช ๆฅๅฎถใชใฎใฏใๅฐใใ้ ใฎ็ต้จใใใใใใใญใ
TJ: ๆฅๆฌใฎไฝใใไธ็ชใๅฅฝใใฆใใใ?
ใณใ ใใใฉ:ๅ ดๆใฆใ่จใใฏใๆฑไบฌใจไบฌ้ฝใใใใใไฝใจ ใใฃใฆใใๅนณๅกใชๆฅๅธธใจ็พใ่ๅใฆใใใ็ฌ็นใฎ ็พใใๆๅใซ้ญ
ๅใๆใใใใญใ็ๆดปใใฎใใฎใซใ ๆฐๅใ่ชฟๅใ็พใใๆใใใใใๆๅใชใใใใๆฅๆฌ ใฎๆๅใฏๅ
จใฆใซใใใฆๅๆง็ใฆใใ้ๅธธใซ็พใใ ไผ็ตฑๆงๅผใใใใใใใใฏๆฅๆฌใฎ็นๅพดใฆใใใใ่ณ ่ณใใใใธใใ็นใใใ็น็ถญใฆใใใ่ฉฉใฆใใใ้ฃใธใ็ฉ ใฆใใใใใใใใ้ ๅใซโๅฎ็งโใใๅญๅจใใ
TJ: ๅญๅน็ฟป่จณๅฎถใฎๆธ็ฐๅฅๆดฅๅญใใใฎใคใณใฟ ใใฅใผใงใใๅฐ็ใฎ้ป็คบ้ฒใใงใฎๅฝผๅฅณใฎไปไบใซ ใคใใฆใ่ใใใพใใใๆฎๅฝฑๆ้ไธญใซๆฅๆฌใ่จช ใใ็ฃ็ฃใๅฝผๅฅณใๆกๅ
ใใใใใงใใญใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใชใใ ใๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฐใใใๅฅณๆง ใ ใใใใๆฐใซๅ
ฅใฃใใใๅใ่จใฃใฆใใใใจ ใๆญฃ็ขบใซ็่งฃใใฆใใใจๆใใใใใๅใฎๆๅณ ใๆญฃใใไผใใๅฝขใงๆฅๆฌ่ชใซ็ฝฎใๆใใฆใใใ ใจ็ขบไฟกใใใใใๅไบบใซใใชใใใๅใฎๅฎถๆใ ๅฝผๅฅณใๅคงๅฅฝใใงใไบคๆตใฏใใฃใจ็ถใใฆใใใใ ใงใใๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅนดใใจใใชใใญใใใใฏ่จใฃใฆใ ใใชใใใ
TJ: ็ง่ๅใๆฅฝใใพใใใจใ่ใใพใใใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใชใใ ใใใฎ้ ใฏ็็ฐๆฐใไบๆทฑ ๆฐใฏใใใฝใใผใฎๅนน้จใจ่ฆชไบคใใใฃใฆใญใๆฐใ ใใขใคใใขใๅบใๅใฃใใใใใ็ง่ๅใฏๆๆฐ ใฎใใฎใ่ฆใใใๅ ดๆใ ใฃใใใ ใใใๅญไพใ ใกใ้ฃใใฆใใใใใชๅบใๆขๆคใใใใฎใ ใ
TJ: ็็ฐๆญๅคซๆฐใซใคใใฆ่ใใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใฐใใใ็ดณๅฃซใ ใฃใใใๅญใใฎใ ใใซๅฝผใฏ้ๅธธใซใใๆใใฆใใฆใขใกใชใซใฎๆฐดใซ ใ้ฆดๆใใงใใใ้ฉใใปใฉ้ ญใใใใฆใใใใ ใใชใขใคใใขใๅบใใฆใใใใๅใๆใไปใใ ใใจใๆๆกใใใจใๅฝผใใฏใใใใใซไนใฃใฆใ ใใใจใฆใใใ้ขไฟใ ใฃใใใ
TJ: ใฝใใผใ่จญ็ซใใ็็ฐๆฐใฎๅฎๅฎถใฏไฝ็พๅนดใ ใฎๆญดๅฒใๆใค้ธ้ ไผ็คพใ ใจใใใใจใใๅญ็ฅใง ใใใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใงใใๆฆๅพใ็็ฐๆฐใจ ไบๆทฑๆฐใฏๆฑไบฌ้ไฟกๅทฅๆฅญๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใ่จญ็ซใใใๅ ๅใ้ทใใใฆๅฐๅทไปฃใใใใใใSONY ใซๅค ใใใใจใซใใใใ ใใใใฃใ๏ผๆๅญใ ใใใญใ
TJ: ้ปๆพคๆ็ฃ็ฃใจใฏใไปใๅใใฏใใใพใใ ใ๏ผๆๅใซไผใฃใใฎใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใ้ทใ็ฉบ็ฝใฎๅพใซใๅฝฑๆญฆ่
ใ ใ่ฃฝไฝใใๆใใธใงใผใธใปใซใผใซในใจๅใๆไผ ใใใจใซใชใฃใใใ ใใๅใใฆ็ฃ็ฃใซไผใฃใใฎ ใฏใใฎๆใ ใใใชใฆใใใฎไบบ้ใฏ็ใ่ฅใๆใ ใ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฎไฟกๅฅ่
ใชใใ ใๅใฏๅญฆๅใจใ้ปๆพค ็ฃ็ฃใซใใผใใซๆๅญฆ่ณใๆไธใในใใ ใจใใผใ ใซ่ณ้ธ่ๅงๅกไผใซๆ็ดใๆธใใใใใใ ใใใ ใฎ่ฟไบใซใฏใใใฏๅฏพ่ฑกๅคใ ใจๆธใใฆใใฃใใใฉ ใญใๅทจๅ ใจๅผใฐใใไบบใใกใฏใใใคใใฎๅไฝใ ๆฎใใฆใใใใ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฏ็ด10 ใใฎๅไฝใ็ ใใ ใๅฝผใฏๆฏ้กใชใ็ฃ็ฃใ ใใๆฎๆฎตใฏใจใฆใ็ฉ ้ใใชไบบใ ใฃใใๅคง็ฉใจๅผใฐใใไบบใฏใๆณๅใ ใฆใใไบบ็ฉๅใจใใ้ขใใฆใใใใจใๅคใใ้ป ๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฏไฝๅใซ้ๅธธใซๅณใใๅใ็ตใใงใใใ ๅใฏใๅฝฑๆญฆ่
ใใฎ่ฃฝไฝไธญใซๆญๅนใใฏใใใใใ
ใใชๅ ดๆใง็ฃ็ฃใฎใใฐใซใใใใญใฃในใใฃใณใฐ ใๅคๆดใใใใใใณใฐใใใฃใใใง้ข็ฝใใฃใ ใใไปฒไปฃ้็ขใฏใใฐใใใๅฝน่
ใ ใฃใใใๅฝๅ ไธปๅฝนใๆผใใไบๅฎใ ใฃใๅๆฐๅคช้ใฏๅคงใผใๅนใ ็ใช้ฐๅฒๆฐใใใใใใฎๅฝนใซใฏใดใฃใใใ ใฃใ ใญใ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใจ็ฅใๅใใใใจใๅ
ๆ ใซๆใฃใฆ ใใใ่ฆชใใใฃใใจใฏ่จใใชใใใไฟกๅฅ่
ใจใ ใฆใๅใใง็ฃ็ฃใฎๆไผใใใใใใ ใ
TJ: ้ปๆพคไฝๅใงไธ็ชใๅฅฝใใชใฎใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅไฝใฏใใใใใใใใ็นใซๅฅฝใใช ใฎใฏใๆชใๅฅดใปใฉใใ็ ใใใ ใญใ้ปๆพคไฝๅใฏ ็พใใใฆๆญดๅฒ็ใชไพกๅคใใใใ
TJ: ใๅฝฑๆญฆ่
ใใง้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใจใณใฉใใชใใใพใ ใใใไปใซใใณใฉใไฝๅใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใณใฉใใจใฏ่จใใชใใใใธใงใผใธใป ใซใผใซในใจๅใฏใใกใใฃใจใใใๅฝฑ้ฟๅใใ ๅฉ็จใใฆใใๅฝฑๆญฆ่
ใใฎ่ฃฝไฝใๆฏๆดใใใใจใ ใใ ใใ ใๅ
ฑๅ่ฃฝไฝ่
ใงใฏใชใใๅใชใใตใใผ
ใฟใผใ ใ
TJ: ใณใใใฉ็ฃ็ฃใฎไฝๅใซ้ปๆพคไฝๅใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใฏใ ใใพใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅใใฎไธไปฃใฎ็ฃ็ฃใฏ่ชฐใใ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃ ใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใฆใใใจๆใใ็ฎๆจใจใในใ้ ็น ใฎใใใชใใฎใ ใ็พไปฃใใใใฏๆฎ้็ใชไธ็ใ ่ๅฐใจใใฆ้ญ
ๅ็ใชไบบ็ฉใ็ปๅ ดใใใใใฎใฌใ ใซใฎ็พใจ่ๅฅฎใๅใใๆ ็ปใไฝใใใใจ็ใ ๆใฃใฆใใใใๆๆฌใชใใ ใ
TJ: ้ปๆพคๆ ็ปใฎใชใกใคใฏใ่ใใใใจใฏใใใพ ใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅใฏใชใกใคใฏใฏไฝใใชใใใชใกใคใฏ ใฏใฐใใใฆใใใจๆใใๆ ็ปใฎ่ณ้้ใใฏใจใฆ ใๅคงๅคใชใฎใซใใใใๅใๆ ็ปใฎ็นฐใ่ฟใใซไฝฟ ใใฎใฏๆตช่ฒปใงใใใชใใๆ ็ปใฏๅธธใซๆฐใใใชใช ใธใใซใงใใในใใ ใจๆใใๆฐๅขๅฐใๅใ้ใ ในใใ ใใใงใซไฝใใใๆ ็ปใๅๆฅญ็ใซๅฉ็จใ ในใใงใฏใชใใ
TJ: ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใจใไธ็ทใใใใตใณใใชใผใฎ๏ผฃ๏ผฆ ใฏๆฅฝใใใฃใใงใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใฎๆใฏใใใฎๅพ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฎๅฉๆใ ๅใใใใจใซใชใฃใ้ไธใใใ็ฃ็ฃใๆฏๆดใใฆ ใใใ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฏ่ณ้ใๅฟ
่ฆใจใใฆใใใใ ใใ ใตใณใใชใผใ้ๅธธใซๆกไปถใฎใใๅนด้ๅฅ็ดใๆ็คบ ใใฆใใฆใไธ็ทใซใใฃใฆใใใชใใใจๅบๅไผ็คพ ใใ่ชใใใใๅใฏใ้ใใใใใใจใฏๆใฃใฆ ใชใใฃใใใฉใใใใชใใจใฏใฉใใงใใใใฃใใ ๅใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใซไผใใใจใ้่ฆใ ใฃ ใใๅฐๆฌใใไบบใซไผใใใชใใฆใใใใใใใ ใจใใใชใใใ ใใๅๅคงใชไบบใซไผใใๆฉไผใซๆต ใพใใฆใใใใใใใใฃใใ
TJ: ใใฎๆใ้ไธใใใจใไธ็ทใซไปไบใใใใ ใฎใงใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅฝผๅฅณใฏใตใณใใชใผใฎๅบๅไปฃ็ๅบใฎๆ
ๅฝ่
ใงใ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใ่ณ้้ขใงๆฏๆดใใใใจใใฆ ใใใ
TJ: ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฎๅฉ็ฃ็ฃใ ใฃใ้ไธ็
งไปฃใใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใ ใใๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใฎ่ๆฌ็ฃ ็ฃใฎใใใชๅญๅจใ ใฃใใใใ็ฃ็ฃใฎไปไบใซใคใ ใฆใฏ่ชฐใใใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใ
TJ: ไปใซๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใๆฅๆฌใฎๆ ็ป็ฃ็ฃใฏใใพใ ใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅฐๆดฅ็ฃ็ฃใฎๆ ็ปใฏ็พใใใญใๅคงๅณถ็ฃ ็ฃใๆบๅฃ็ฃ็ฃใฎ1930 ๅนดไปฃใฎๆ ็ปใใจใฆใ็พใ ใใๅๅบใใฆใใใฎใฏๅฐๆดฅ็ฃ็ฃใๆบๅฃ็ฃ็ฃใใ ใใฆ้ปๆพค็ฃ็ฃใ ใญใ
TJ: ไธ็ชๅฅฝใใชๆ ็ปใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใชใใๆ ็ปใฏใใใ ใ100 ๅนดใฎๆญด ๅฒใใใชใใใไธกๆใงๆฐใๅใใชใใใใๅคใ ใฎๅไฝใใใใใ ใใ๏ผใคใ ใใซ็ตใใฎใฏไธๅฏ ่ฝใ ใใ้ปๆพคไฝๅใฏใใใคใๅ่ฃใซๆใใใใฉ ใญใ
TJ: ใ่ช่บซใฎใญใฃใชใขใซๆใๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้ฟใไธใ ใใฎใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅฝน่
ใงใฏใๆ ็ปใงๆใใใฐใใใๆผ ๆใใใใจๆใใใจใชใขใปใซใถใณใ ใใใญใใข ใกใชใซไบบใชใใใฆใฃใชใขใ ใปใฏใคใฉใผ็ฃ็ฃใฏๅคฉ ๆใ ใฃใใใใพใใพๆ ็ปไผ็คพใฎๅนน้จใฎ็ฅใ ใฃใ ใใ ใใๆ ็ปไฝใใซๅคฉ่ณฆใฎๆใจใปใณในใใใฃ ใใใใฉใณใฏใปใญใฃใใฉใฏ็พใใๆ ็ปใไฝใฃใใ ๅคๅฝไบบ็ฃ็ฃโใใกใใใคใฟใชใขไบบ็ฃ็ฃใฎใญใใป ใชใผใใใใงใชใผใใ โใฎไฝๅใ่ฆณใๆใๆฐใ ใๆณขใๆฅใใจๆใฃใใใใผใฉใณใใฎใฏใคใ็ฃ็ฃใ ใชใผใฝใณใปใฆใงใซใบใใญใฅใผใใชใใฏใๅฅฝใใ ใญใๆ ็ปใฏๆ่กใฎ้ฒๅใใ็ใพใใใ19 ไธ็ด ไปฅๅใซๆ ็ปใไฝใใฎใฏไธๅฏ่ฝใ ใฃใใใๆ ็ปใ ็ใพใใๆใ่ธ่กๅฎถใฏใพใใงใใใๅพ
ใฃใฆใใ ใใฎใใใ ใฃใใใ ใใ้ๅธธใซ็ญใๆ้ใซๆฐๅค ใใฎๅไฝใ็ใพใใใใ ใ
TJ: ไปๅพไธ็ทใซๆ ็ปใไฝใใใไฟณๅชใฏใใพใ ใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใใ่ใๆนใฏใใชใใใ ใ็ปๅ ด ไบบ็ฉใ่ใใฆใใใใฉใฎไฟณๅชใใใฎๅฝนใๆผใใ ใใใใ่ใใใใงใๅใฏใใ่ชฐใใใจไธ็ทใซ ไปไบใใใใใใจใฏ่จใใชใใใ ใ
TJ: ใใญใฃใใใณEOใใงใใคใฑใซใปใธใฃใฏใฝ ใณใจไปไบใใใพใใใญใๅฝผใฎๅฐ่ฑกใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใคใฑใซใปใธใฃใฏใฝใณใฏใๆฌๅฝใซๅช ใใใฆใๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฐๅนดใฎใใใ ใฃใใญใใใๆใ ๅบใใใชใใใๆฌๅฝใซๅชใใไบบ้ใ ใฃใใ
TJ: ไปไบ็ธๆใจใใฆใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใใใใฃใ้ขใใใใใใใใง ใชใ้ขใใใฃใใๆฐ้ฃใใใฏใชใใๅค่ฆใฏๅฐๅนด ใฎใใใ ใฃใใใ็ฅๆงใใใใ้ณๆฅฝใซใคใใฆใฏ ๆน้ใใฏใฃใใใใฆใใใใ ใใ้ณๆฅฝ้ขใงใฏใ ๆผๆใไปใฎใใจใฎใใใซใฏในใ ใผใบใซใฏใใ ใชใใฃใใญใ
TJ: ๆ ็ปไธๆใฎใๅบ่บซใงใใญใไธๆใซๆ ็ป้ขไฟ ่
ใ12 ไบบใใใจ่ใใพใใใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅใฏ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใงๅญไพใฏ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใ ใญใๆ ่ฟใๆ ็ปใไฝใฃใๅญซๅจใฏใๆ ็ปไธๆใฎ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใซ ใชใใใใ ใ
TJ: ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใจใใใฎใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผ็ถๆนใฎ็ฅ็ถใฏๆ ็ปใซ้ณๅฃฐใไปใใ ใดใกใคใฟใใฉใณใฎๆๅธซใ ใฃใใๆฏๆนใฎ็ฅ็ถใฏๆ ็ปใจ่ผธๅ
ฅใฎไผ็คพใ็ตๅถใใฆใใฆใใขใกใชใซใซ็งป ไฝใใใคใฟใชใขไบบใฎใใใซใคใฟใชใขๆ ็ปใ่ผธ ๅ
ฅใใฆใใใๅฝผใใ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใ ใ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใฏ็ถใจใ ใใงใ้ณๆฅฝๅฎถใงใใใชใใฉใฎๆๆฎ่
ใ ใฃใใ็ถ ใฏใขใซใใใผ่ณไฝๆฒ่ณใๅ่ณใใใใใใฆๅใ ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใใ ใใๅญไพใฎใฝใใฃใขใจใญใใณใฏ๏ผไปฃ ็ฎใๅญซใฎใธใขใฏ๏ผไปฃ็ฎใงใๆ่ฟไฝใฃใๆ ็ปใฏใจ ใฆใ่ฉๅคใใใใใ
TJ: ็ใใๅคงๅญฆใฎๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใงๅญฆใฐใใใฎใงใ ใ๏ผๆๅใซๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใซ้ใใใใฎใฏ็ฃ็ฃใงใ ใญ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใ ใญใ็ถใฎๆไปฃใซใฏๆ ็ปๅญฆๆ กใฏ ใชใใฃใใใใ็ถใฏใธใฅใชใขใผใ้ณๆฅฝ้ขใจใณใญ ใณใใขๅคงๅญฆ้ณๆฅฝๅญฆ้จใงๅญฆใใ ใใ ใ
TJ: ็ฃ็ฃใฏUCLA ใฎๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใงใใญ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใ ใใๆฏๅญใฎใญใใณใฏใใฅใผ ใจใผใฏๅคงๅญฆใๅญซๅจใฏใใผใๅคงๅญฆใงๅ็ใๅญฆใ ใ ใ
TJ: ๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใฎๅผฑ็นใฏไฝใ ใจๆใใพใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใฏๆญดๅฒใๆต
ใใ็ฌฌไบๆฌกไธ็ ๅคงๆฆๅพใซๅต่จญใใใ ใใๅ้กใฎ๏ผใคใฏ่ชฐใๆๆ ใๅใใใใ ใฃใใ็ฒพๅ็ใซๆ ็ปใไฝใฃใฆใใ ไบบ้ใชใ่ฌ็พฉใฏใใพใซใใใงใใชใใใใญใใ ใใๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใซ้ญ
ๅใใๆๆ้ฃใใใใใใฎ ใฏๆฌๅฝใซ้ฃใใใใใผใฉใณใใซใฏใใใฐใใใ ๅญฆ้จ้ทใซๆตใพใใๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใใใใใใใใฏ็ ใใใUCLA ใฎๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใฎ่จญ็ซๅฝๅใฎๅญฆ้จ้ท ใฏใใฐใใใใฃใใ็ฃ็ฃใงใใใ ใใงใชใใๆ ๅธซใจใใฆใๅชใใไบบๆใๆขใๅบใใฎใฏ่ณ้ฃใฎ ๆฅญใ ใๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใซใฏไผ็ตฑ็ใซ๏ผ็จฎ้กใฎๅญฆ็ใใ ใใๅๆฅญๆ ็ปใฎไธ็ใงๅใไธใใใๅญฆ็ใจใ่ธ ่กไฝๅใไฝใฃใฆใใๅๆง็ใง็่ซ็ใชๆนๅใซ ้ฒใฟใใๅญฆ็ใๆ ็ป็ฃ็ฃใซใชใใใไบบใซๅใ ่ใๆๅใฎ่ณชๅใฏใในใใฃใผใดใณใปในใใซใใผ ใฐใซใชใใใใฎใใใธใ ใปใธใฃใผใ ใใทใฅใซใช ใใใใฎใใใๅๆฉใฏ๏ผใใใ้ๆใกใซใชใใใ ใ๏ผใใในใใฃใผใดใณใปในใใซใใผใฐใฏๆฌๅฝใซ ๆๅ็ใชๆ ็ปใไฝใใใใๅคใใฎ่ฆณๅฎขใๅๅกใ ใๆ ็ปใไฝใใใจใใ็นใง็จๆใชๅญๅจใงใไธกๆน ใงใใๆ่ฝใใใไบบใฏใใฃใใซใใชใใใ ใใ ๅๆง็ใชๆ ็ปใไฝใใใๅๆฅญๆ ็ปใไฝใใใ้ธ ๆใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใๆฑบๆญใๅฟ
่ฆใชใใ ใ ๆ ็ป็ฃ็ฃใฏใใฉใใช็ฃ็ฃใงใใใใซใใฃใฆๆฑใ ใๅ้กใฏ็ฐใชใใใๆฐๅขๅฐใ้ใๆ ็ปใไฝใใจ ใใๅๅใซ้ใ่ชฒ้กใๆฑใใฆใใใๆ ็ปๆฅญ็ใซ ใฏใใใๅนดใใจใฃใฆใใๆ ็ปใไฝใๆฉไผใไธ ใใใใชใ็ฃ็ฃใใใใๅ่ช่บซใฏUCLA ใงใ ใฐใใใๅ
็ใซๅบไผใฃใใใใญใทใผใปใขใผใบ ใใผๅ
็ใฏๅญฆๆ กใงๅฏใฒใจใใฎๅฅณๆง็ฃ็ฃใ ใฃใ ใใๅฝผๅฅณใซๅบไผใใฆๅใฏๅนธ้ใ ใฃใใๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จ ใฎใใญใฐใฉใ ใฏๆน้ใๅฎๅฎใใชใๅพๅใใใใ ๅๆฅญ็ใใใฎ้ใง่ทใๅพใใฎใฏ้ฃใใใๅๆฅญ็ ใ็ช็ถไธ็็่ธ่กๅฎถใซใชใ็ปๅฎถใฎๅญฆๆ กใฎใใ ใชใใฎใ ใใใใฏไปใฎๆ ็ปๅญฆ้จใซใ้ใใๅ้ก ใฎ๏ผใคใ ใไธ็ใงๆใใใฐใใใๆ ็ปๅญฆๆ กใฏใญ ใใซใใปใญใใปใชใผใใ ใฃใใๅฝผใฏ่ๆฌๅฎถใๅฉ ๆใ่ฒใฆใใใคใฟใชใขๆ ็ปใฏๅฝผใฎใใใใง่ฑ้ ใใใใ ใ
TJ: ๆ ็ปไปฅๅคใซใใใใใใชไบๆฅญใใใใฆใใพ ใใญใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅนธใใซใใ้ๆใกใซใชใใใจใฏๆใฃ ใฆใใชใใใใๅฅฝใใชใใจใใงใใใๅใฏๆตใพ ใใฆใใใ
TJ: ใฏใคใใชใผใฎ็ตๅถใซใฏๆ้ใ่ฒปใใใใฆใ ใพใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใขใซใใคใใ ใใ
TJ: ใฏใคใใชใผใฎไปไบใใๅฅฝใใงใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅฎถ่จใๆฏใใฆใใใฆใใใใฏใคใณใฏ ็ขบใใซๅฅฝใใ ใใๅใไธ็ชๆใใฆใใใฎใฏๆ ็ป ใ ใๅฐใๅใฎๆ ็ปใๅฐใๅ
ใฎๆ ็ปใใใฃใจๅ
ใฎ ๆ ็ปใใฉใใใใใไปๅพใฎๆ ็ปใฎ้ฒๅใใจใฆใ ๆฅฝใใฟใ ใใ
TJ: ่ฆณๅฎขใใฏใคใณใ็ๆใซๅฏใใง็ฃ็ฃใฎไฝๅใ ๆฅฝใใใใจใฏใฉใๆใใใพใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผ่ใใใใจใใชใใไบบ้ใฏ่ชฐใใ้ฃ ในใฆ้ฃฒใใใใ ใใใใใฏ็ใซใใชใฃใฆใใ ใใฉใ่ชฐใใๅใฎใฏใคใณใ้ฃฒใฟใชใใๅใฎๆ ็ป ใ่ฆณใฆใใๅณใฏๆณๅใงใใชใใญใ
TJ: ้ฃๅ็ฃๆฅญใซใ้ขใใฃใฆใใใฃใใใใฎใงใ ใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅฐใใ ใใญใ
TJ: ใใฎไปไบใฏใๅฅฝใใงใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅใฏไฝใซใงใๅๅใใชใใ ใใ ใใ ๆ ็ปใๆใใ้ฃใน็ฉใๆใใใฏใคใณใๆใใๅญ ไพใๆใใๅนธ็ฆใๆใใ้ณๆฅฝใๆใใใไบบ้ใฏ ไฝใใๅนธ็ฆใงใชใใใฐใญใ
TJ: ใใชใผใบใจใฐใขใใใฉใซๆฝ่จญใใๆใกใงใ ใญใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใใซใจใชใพใผใใใใใๅใ้ข ใใฃใฆใใใฎใฏๅ
จใฆไบบ้ใซๅใณใจๅนธใใใใ ใใใใธใในใ ใใ
TJ:ใ ใกใฌใญใใชในใใฎ็ถๆณใฏใใใใงใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใฅใผใจใผใฏใ่ๅฐใซใฆใผใใใขใ ใใผใใซใใไฝๅใไฝใใใจใใฆใใใใ ใใ ใใฎๆบๅใฎ็ใฃๆไธญใฎ2001 ๅนดใซๅๆ็็ ดใ ใญไบไปถใ่ตทใใใใฎๅพใฎใใฅใผใจใผใฏใงใฆใผใ ใใขใฎ็ฉ่ชใๆงๆณใใใฎใฏ้ๅธธใซ้ฃใใใชใฃ ใใใฉใใใฆใใใๅใใใๆญๅฟตใใใๆฐธ้ ใซ ใงใใชใใใฉใใใฏๅใใใชใใๅใไฝๆญณใพใง ็ใใใใซใใใญใ
TJ: ๆฑไบฌใ2020 ๅนดใฎใชใชใณใใใฏ้ๅฌๅฐใซ ๆฑบใพใใพใใใใๆฑไบฌใฏ้ๅฌๅฐใจใใฆ้ฉๅใ ใจ ๆใใพใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๆฑไบฌใฏใใฐใใใ่กใ ใใใ่ชฐใใ ่กใใใใใจๆใใใ
TJ: ๆฑไบฌใงใๆฐใซๅ
ฅใใฎใใใซใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใฝใใฃใขใใใญในใใปใคใณใปใใฉใณ ในใฌใผใทใงใณใใๆฎๅฝฑใใใใผใฏใใคใขใใใซ ๆณใพใฃใใใจใใใใใๅ
ญๆฌๆจๅจ่พบใฎใใๅฐใ ๅฐใใชใใใซใซใๆณใพใฃใใใจใใใใๅๅใฏ ่ฆใใฆใชใใชใ
TJ: ใๅฅฝใใชๆฅๆฌใฎ้ฃใน็ฉใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๆฅๆฌ้ฃใฏๅฅฝใใ ใใ15 ใ16 ๆญณใฎ ๆใฎ้ข็ฝใๆใๅบใใใใๅใฏใซใฌใใธใฎ๏ผๅนด ็ใงใๅพฉๅก่ปไบบๆด่ญทๆณใง้ๅญฆใใๅคงๅขใฎๆ้ฎฎๆฆ ไบใฎๅพฉๅกๅ
ตใจๅๅฑ
ใใฆใใใ็ใ ใใใ25 ๆญณ ใใใใ ใฃใใใชใ็ๅคงใชใใผใใฃใผใ้ใใฆ ๅฅณใฎๅญใๆๅพ
ใใใใจใใฆใใใใใ็ผใใฎไฝ ใๆนใๆใใฆใใใใใใใผใใฃใผใฎ้ใใฃใจ ไฝใใชใใใผใใฃใผใซๆฅใฆใใใใจ่จใใใฆใ ๅใฏใใใพใง้ฃในใใใจใฎใชใๆ็ใฎไฝใๆน ใๆใใฃใใใใฎๅพใไฝๅบฆใๆใใฃใใใใใ ใ็ผใใฏไฝใใใใใซใชใฃใใ
TJ: ๆฅๆฌ้
ใฏใๅฅฝใใงใใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผใใกใใใ
TJ: ๆฑไบฌใซ่กใฃใใใใใใใใจใฏใใใพใ ใ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผ้ฃใน็ฉใๆฅฝใใฟใใใ
TJ: ่ฆณๅ
ใฏ๏ผ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผ่ฆณๅ
ใฏใใพใใใชใใใฉใใงใใใ ใๆฅฝใใฟใ ใญใ
TJ: ๆ ็ปๆฅญ็ใซๅ
ฅใฃใใฐใใใฎ่ฅใ็ฃ็ฃใซใขใ ใใคในใใ
ใณใใใฉ๏ผๅใใใคใ่จใใฎใฏใ็ตๅฉใใใจใ ใใใจใ ใญใๅใฏ่ฅใใใกใซ็ตๅฉใใฆใจใฆใๅฉ ใใฃใใใใใๅฝนใซ็ซใค่ซ็็ใช็็ฑใฏใใ ใใไปใฎ่ฅ่
ใฏๆ ็ปใธใฎๆ
็ฑใซใใตใใฆใใใ ใใ่ชๅใฎๅฟใซ็ด ็ดใซๅพใใใๅฑใพใใใจใใ ใงใใชใใญใๆ ็ปใฏไปใใใใใๆๅณใงๅคงใใช ่ปขๆๆใ่ฟใใฆใใใๆ ็ปใฏใๆฉๆขฐใจๅๅญฆ็ใ ใญใปในใใ็ใพใใใใ้ปๆฐ็ใใญใปในใซๅใฃ ใฆไปฃใใใใ้ๅฝใซใใฃใใๆ ็ปใฏไปใใใธใฟ ใซๅใซๅใใฃใฆใใใๅฎ้จใใงใใๆฐใใชไฝๅฐ ใๅคงใใๅบใใใไปใพใใซๅฎ้จใ่กใใใฆใ ใใใ ใใไปใฏใ่ฅ่
ใๆ ็ปใจๆใซ่ฝใกใใซใฏใ ใจใฆใใจใญใตใคใใฃใณใฐใชๆใชใใ ใtj
ย
The complete article is available in Issue #273.click here. to order from Amazon.
Francis Ford Coppola and Prince Hitachi at Praemium Imperiale Awards ceremony on October 16, 2013 at Meiji Kinenkan ยฉ The Japan Art Association/ The Sankei Shimbun